An Assessment of Semantic Ambiguity in Nigerian Political Rhetoric: A Case Study of Election Speeches
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Background of the study
Political rhetoric in Nigeria is characterized by its rich use of language, where ambiguity often serves strategic functions. Election speeches, in particular, employ semantic ambiguity to appeal to diverse constituencies and navigate complex socio-political landscapes. This study investigates how ambiguous language is used in Nigerian election speeches to convey multiple meanings simultaneously, enabling politicians to resonate with varied audiences while retaining flexibility in interpretation (Chinonso, 2023). By examining lexical choices, syntactic constructions, and rhetorical devices, the research explores the role of semantic ambiguity in political persuasion and voter mobilization. The analysis draws on a corpus of recent election speeches to identify patterns that may obscure clear policy positions, allowing speakers to appeal broadly while avoiding direct commitments (Oluwaseun, 2024). Furthermore, the study contextualizes these findings within theories of political communication and discourse analysis, highlighting the dynamic interplay between language and power in Nigerian politics (Amaka, 2025). This inquiry not only deepens our understanding of political rhetoric but also provides insights into the potential impacts of ambiguous language on voter interpretation and democratic engagement.
Statement of the problem
Despite its critical role in political persuasion, semantic ambiguity in Nigerian election speeches remains underexplored. Ambiguity can lead to varied interpretations, which may undermine clarity and accountability in political discourse (Chinonso, 2023). The lack of systematic analysis of ambiguous language in election contexts creates a gap in understanding how such rhetoric influences voter perception and decision-making. Moreover, without a clear framework to assess ambiguity, stakeholders in the political process may find it challenging to evaluate the sincerity and transparency of political messages. This study seeks to fill this gap by examining the extent and impact of semantic ambiguity in election speeches, providing a foundation for improved communication practices in political discourse (Oluwaseun, 2024).
Objectives of the study:
1. To identify instances of semantic ambiguity in Nigerian election speeches.
2. To analyze the communicative functions and effects of ambiguous language on voter perception.
3. To recommend strategies for achieving clearer political communication.
Research questions:
1. What types of semantic ambiguity are most prevalent in election speeches?
2. How does ambiguous language affect voter interpretation?
3. What measures can reduce ambiguity while preserving rhetorical effectiveness?
Significance of the study
This study is significant as it illuminates the role of semantic ambiguity in Nigerian political rhetoric, offering insights into how ambiguous language can shape voter perception and political outcomes. By critically analyzing election speeches, the research contributes to the broader field of political communication and supports efforts to enhance clarity and accountability in political discourse (Amaka, 2025).
Scope and limitations of the study:
The study focuses solely on semantic ambiguity in Nigerian election speeches. It does not extend to other forms of political communication or rhetorical contexts.
Definitions of terms:
1. Semantic Ambiguity: The presence of multiple meanings within a single linguistic expression.
2. Political Rhetoric: The use of language to influence political opinions and actions.
3. Election Speeches: Public addresses delivered by political candidates during election campaigns.
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